Isokeraunic level

Regions with high thunderstorm days per year see more lightning-related equipment failures. Tropical climates and tall structures increase exposure.

Desert & coastal factors

Middle East sites often combine tall PV structures, long DC/AC cable runs, and harsh UV/heat that age insulation and SPD components. Coastal SEA sites add corrosion concerns.

Design posture

Do not assume "indoor LV" means "low risk." Long cable runs from rooftop PV, exterior lighting, and remote MCC rooms can import large surges into clean rooms and control panels.