Risk components

Risk considers loss of human life, public service, cultural heritage, and economic value. Lightning flash density, structure height, and contents all feed the calculation.

From risk to measures

If calculated risk exceeds tolerable risk, protection measures—including SPDs—are selected to bring risk down.

Practical use

Even when a full formal study is not commissioned, the same logic helps prioritize which boards and buildings get Type 1 vs Type 2 coverage first.